The impact of Nike on the international markets in comparison to the Essay

The impact of Nike on the international markets in comparison to the local markets - Essay Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is Nike, Inc. as a firm that deals with design, improvement and marketing of different shoe types. Nike is regarded as the best seller in athletic shoes as well as athletic attire around the world. The company vends its commodities to retailers via its own retailer stores, internet marketing as well as through autonomous distributors and other licensed individuals and groups. The company vends approximately 18,000 retail records in the US through its retailers and distributors. The shoes that the firm deals in are specifically for athletic purposes. In addition, it makes other athletic shoes and attires for different games such as football and baseball. The company also vends other sporting accessories such as sporting or gaming bags and other protective gear utilized in various games. The principal competitors within this industry are Puma and Adidas, which offer the company numerous challenges in maintaining their high profile and sales. Since the adoption of Nike, in 1978, the company has extensively grown into a global company specialized in footwear and other products related to sports. The financial analysis of the corporation through scrutiny of its financial, income statements, as well as, balance sheets allows reviewing of the company financial health and other achievements over the years. Over the period, since the company establishment, the management of Nike has generated value for the shareholders through the progression of the company’s operations in overseas nations in an extensive manner. The company’s trading and earnings have surpassed the Wall Street approximations with respect to FY 06 (Stilga, 2006). The income for the company hit approximately $15 billion while its income per share hit a high up by 18 percent. In the last 5 years, the compounded rate per split elevated by 20 percent while the average of the gross margins came to 42 percent (Stilga, 2006). In the precedent year, the compa ny’s margins were 44 percent seeing an enormous rise in profits. Currently, the company’s management has optimized the wealth for its shareholders although the company performance in Nike’s footwear has declined. The footwear performance in the sector generated an average of approximately 14.25 percent whereas the progression in stock reached 10.48 percent (Stilga, 2006). In view of performance for the management, the performance can be considered not noteworthy provided the augment in share value serves as the point of reference. The Price to Book relative amount for Nike is 3.97 whereas the segment in which the corporation operates has a relative amount of 3.96. Similarly, the company has a Price to Tangible Book relative amount of about 4.26 whereas the sector that Nike operates presents a relative amount of about 4.44 (Stilga, 2006). The brand name and image of Nike is considered the strength of the company thus the competitive advantage. In addition, to the brand name and image of the company, the company has acquired other strong points in global operations. The company’s processes in international markets have gradually expanded coupled with innovations and creativity in fresh products. The operational expansions in global markets can also be ascribed to the capability in relating with its consumers. As a multinational company, Nike has impacted on almost all nations although it overseas ventures have raised concerns over claims in exploitation of its employees. The company gains a lot of revenues from global markets than its receives from the internal markets. The international operations of the company earned approximately $6.5 billion as compared to $5.1billion from its local or internal markets. Therefore, the international o

Gender Speech Community Essay Example for Free

Gender Speech Community Essay Abstract This research paper will focus on the human language. Human language is extremely significant for all peoples. My main topic for this paper is how we use and develop language, the production of language, language acquisition and the importance of the critical period. Chomsky, Skinner, and Whorf all had various theories on language but all had one major thing in common, which was the significance of language. Regardless of when or how language is developed; it is essential to have living in environment where every one using language to talk, learn and receive knowledge. The Ways in Which People Use and Develop Language and The Effects it May Have on a Person If a person does not develop oral language this will affect the way in which people communicate with other people. From birth throughout their lives time people are taught the uses of language and create a way of communication. Language is the main component for all humans. â€Å"The use of language-the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules-is a central cognitive ability, one that is indispensable for us to communicate with one another† (Stapel Semin, 2007; Hoff; 2008; Resiberg). Language is essential to how we communicate, think, and understand the world. Without language our ability to convey information, obtain knowledge and cooperate with others would be hindered. This paper looks at Chomsky, Benjamin Lee Whorf and B.J. Skinners theories on language acquisition and why language it is so important to have and what could happen to a person if he/she were isolated from society. In order to comprehend how language is created and relates to thought, we first need to know that the basic structure of language is grammar. Grammar is a set of rules that clarifies how our thoughts can be articulated. There are three main elements that go with grammar; they are phonology, syntax, and semantics. Phonology is the study of the smallest unit of speech called phonemes. Phonemes are the way we use sounds to form words and produce meaning. Syntax deals with how words and phrases can be united to form sentences and semantic rules allow us to express meanings to words. Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Although many people may have a hard time explaining the meanings of these words, we all subconsciously use grammar every day in a linguistic way! Language starts during infancy from three months through one-year- old. Children begin to make insignificant speech like sounds that is called babble. In the textbook Feldman, Robert S. (2011) stated that while babbling, they produce, at one time or another, any of the sounds found in all languages, not just the one to which are exposed. Even deaf children demonstrate their own form of babbling, who are incapable to hear, yet who are exposed to sign language from birth babble in their own way. In the same textbook I stated before Feldman, Robert S. (2011); indicates that babies’ babbling imitates the precise language being spoken in the infant’s environment which focuses more on the pitch and tone of the person talking to the child. As the baby gets older, he or she starts to specialize in the language that they were exposed to from birth. To support what I am saying I read an article called Language and Brain Development â€Å"Jump Start† copyright United Feature Syndicate stated that â€Å"a child is introduced to language virtually at the moment of birth. Children do not require explicit language instruction, but they do need exposure to language in order to develop normally. Children who do not receive linguistic input during their formative years do not achieve native like grammatical competence.† There were three theorists that had their own speculation on language acquisition but intertwined with my thesis. Let us begin with Noam Chomsky. Chomsky was a very well- known linguist. He believes that human brains have a language acquisition device that we are inborn with. All children are born with a universal grammar that makes them amenable to the common features of language because of this hard-wired background in grammar; children easily pick up a language when they are exposed to its particular grammar. Http://www.brighthubeducation.com/language-learning-tips/71728-noam-chomsky-language-acquisition-theories/. Basically Chomsky believed that all children develop language around the same age and all develop language skills rapidly and naturally. The next theorist was Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf’s theory is that children will learn language skills through interaction with others rather than obtain the knowledge involuntarily. He was recognized for his study that focused on a person’s thinking skills, how their ideas and expressions all depend on language. He anticipated a theory called â€Å"linguistic relativity.† This theory determines the way people think. In other words â€Å"â€Å"we think in terms of words or other symbols, and they are required as a precondition for a human to form an idea—or, at least, to express the idea to others. Although thinking involves mental manipulation of reality, it is heavily dependent upon words or other symbols.† Bergman. Jerry (Benjamin Lee Whorf: An Early Supporter of Creationism). My last theorist was B.F. Skinner. Skinner thought language is attained through standards of conditioning, association, imitation and, reinforcement. The difference from Chomsky and Skinner one believed he or she is born with language where Skinner believed that people have to be taught how to speak by some one’s language acquisition. All three theorists have their own assumptions on language acquisition. Chomsky believes we are born with the skills for language. Skinner believes children is learn through imitation that focuses on behavior and Whorf thought language was developed by interaction with peers rather than being born with it. The one major factor that they all share is the importance of language from birth. If children are deprived of language from the start they will suffer drastically, which proves my statement in the beginning; which was, children who are isolated from language and communication from the early ages will deal with major effects when they are older. A major period that some theorists believe is crucial for language development is called the critical period, which can cause many effects in learning language. From the article â€Å"Introduction Brain and Language† explained what the critical-age hypothesis was. This theory believes language is organically based and the capacity to learn your inhabitant language develops from birth to middle childhood. Subsequent to this period, the attainment of grammar is complicated for most people and never fully grasped. Children who are not exposed of language during this critical period will have a difficult time overcoming this deficit. This concept can be proved to be true in humans and other species. 22. Introduction Brain and Language gave an example of ducklings. For instance, from nine to twenty-one months after hatching, ducks will follow the first moving object they see regardless if it is a duck or not. This behavior did not come subconsciously but from an â€Å"external teaching, or intensive practice.† Other examples of the critical period that is strongly associated to language learning is the critical period in certain songbirds, e.g., zebra finches or white crowned sparrows (Marler, 1970). For children there have been cases that support this theory. For instance, there was a young boy who was isolated from society also known as the â€Å"wild† child. In the film produced by Francois Truffaut â€Å"The Wild Child† was based on a young boy named Victor. It was determined that he was left in forest and survived shockingly. (Language and Brain Development 23.) In the YouTube documentary we learned that Victor was not capable to speak or recognize language. He was brought to Paris where he was first put into a deaf school, but after Francois Truffaut observes Victor he believes he can hear and can be educated. After a while, Victor begins to gain some kind of language from being in society. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY). Another perfect example that supports the conjecture of the critical period is a girl named Genie. Genie as well as Victor was a wild child. Genie was abused and isolated from all society from eighteen months to about fourteen years of age. Genie was restricted to a small room under terrible conditions and received minimal to none of human contact. Genie was not able to talk or knew any language at all. (Language and Brain Development 23) said â€Å"this linguistic inability could simply be caused by the fact that these children received no linguistic input, showing that language acquisition, though an innate, neurologically based ability, must be triggered by input from the environment.† Like Victor, Genie learned some kind of language but lacked â€Å"grammatical structure.† Possessing language is essential to have living in a society. Without language you would not be able to communicate, give, and receive knowledge. For instance Genie; in (Introduction Brain and Language) said â€Å"The cases of Genie and other isolated children, as well as deaf late learners of ASL, show that children cannot fully acquire language unless they are exposed to it within the critical period—a biologically determined window of opportunity during which time the brain is prepared to develop language.† People use and develop language in their lives and it is important to have developed it in an early age. References Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Essentials of Understanding Psychology â€Å"Jump Start† copyright . United Feature Syndicate. Reprinted with permission. Introduction Brain and Language http://suite101.com/article/how-we-learn-language-a158847 Aitchinson, Jean (1976). The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Hutchinson Co. http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development.html http://www.icr.org/article/6391/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY

Reactions of Copper and Percent Yield

Reactions of Copper and Percent Yield Purpose-The purpose of this experiment is to examine the chemistry of copper and with the concept of percent yield. /2 Procedure- CHEM16882, Applied Chemistry1 Laboratory Manual Experiment no.6 posted on slate/Sheridan college, Brampton (accessed on 20.feb.2017) (1). /2 Observations Create your own data table for quantitative data. The table must include all the measurements you recorded in the laboratory; it must have a table number and title. Answer- Table for quantitative data measured while conducting the experiment. Compound Mass(+ /- 0.0001g) Initial weight of copper 0.5189g Final weight of copper 0.5651g Weight of 250 ml empty beaker 117.29g Evaporating dish 56.2529g Final weight of copper + evaporating dish 56.8180g /4 In table format record qualitative observations for each of the five reactions. All observations must be written in complete sentences. The table(s) must have a table number and title. Answer-Table 1. Reaction 1. Cu + Physical state The physical state of copper is solid. The physical state of Nitric acid is liquid. Copper2 nitrate is liquid in nature. Nitrogen dioxide is a gas. Water i.e. dihydrogen monoxide O ) is a Liquid. Color The color of copper is brown Nitric acid is clear. Copper 2 nitrate is in Blue green color. Nitrogen dioxide is in brownish shade Dihydrogen monoxide is Clear. ADDITIONAL OBSERVATION-Heat is generated during this experiment. Table 2. Reaction 2. Cu Physical state The physical state of copper nitrate is Liquid. The physical state of sodium hydroxide is Liquid. Copper hydroxide is Solid in nature. Sodium nitrate is in Liquid form. Color It is in Blue green color. It is Clear. It is Black in color. It is in Dark blue color. ADDITIONAL OBSERVATION-Blue precipitates are formed when NaOH is added. Table 3. Reaction3. Cu Physical state The physical state of copper hydroxide is Solid. Copper hydroxide is Solid. The physical state of dihydrogen monoxide is Solid. Color It is Dark blue in color. It is in Black color. Table 4. Reaction 4. CuO + Physical state The physical state of copper hydroxide is solid. Sulphur acid is in Liquid form. Copper hydroxide is liquid. The physical state of dihydrogen monoxide is Solid. Color It is in Blackish tone. It is Colorless. It is Light blue in color. Table 5. Reaction 5. Cu Physical state The physical state of copper sulphate is Liquid. Zinc is a Solid. Zinc sulphate is solid in nature. Copper is in Solid form. Color It is Black in color. It is Silver in color. It is Colorless. It is Reddish/brown in color. ADDITIONAL OBSERVATION-Heat is generated during this reaction. Write balanced chemical equations for each of the five reactions. Identify and name the product(s) for each reaction. State whether the product is a solid, liquid or gas. Answer-Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Reaction 4 Reaction 5 /5 For each of the five reactions, identify the type(s) of reaction each is. Your choices are: decomposition reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acid-base reaction, combustion reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction and synthesis reaction. Answer- Reaction 1. It is a decomposition reaction. Reaction 2. It is a double displacement reaction. Reaction 3. It is single displacement reaction. Reaction 4. It is Acid Base Reaction. Reaction 5. It is a Redox Reaction i.e. oxidation reduction reaction because zinc loses 2 of its electrons and copper gains 2 electrons. /3 Calculations All calculations must show the equation used (typed with equation editor), units must be present with all numbers and the final answer must be recorded with the correct number of significant figures. 1. Calculate the % yield of Cu at the end of the five reaction steps. (This could also be referred to as the % recovery of Cu.) Show ALL calculations. Answer- Actual mass of copper=0.5189g Final mass of copper obtained= Mass of evaporating dish and copper (g) Mass of empty flat evaporating dish(g) =56.8180g-56.2529g=0.5651g=0.56g Percentage yield %= = /3 2. For Reaction 1 between Cu and HNO3, calculate the theoretical yield of Cu(NO3)2 in grams. Answer- Reaction 1. Molecular mass of Cu =63.546g/mol Molecular mass of HN=63.01284g/mol Molecular mass of =187.554g/mol Mole of Cu = Theoretical yield of = /3 3. For Reaction 1 between Cu and HNO3, confirm that HNO3 was present in excess. (Show a calculation to support your answer) Answer- Reaction 1. Molecular mass of Cu =63.546g/mol Molecular mass of HN=63.01284g/mol Molecular mass of =187.554g/mol Mole of Cu = Theoretical yield of = /2 4. For Reaction 2, calculate how many moles of NaOH you added. Answer- Reaction 2 Molecular mass of =187.54g/mol Mole of NaOH=1.4g /2 Questions What compound was being removed in the procedural step where 150 mL of hot R.O. water was added to the solid CuO precipitate? Do you think that all of this compound was removed by this washing? How could this error affect your percent yield? How could this error be minimized? Answer-Hydroxide atoms was being removed in the step of procedure where 150 ml hot water was added to CuO solid precipitate. No, I dont think so that all of compound was taken off by washing it. Some particles were added by human error, which resulted in increased amount of the product which affected the final result i.e. percent yield of copper. The chances of error can be reduced by various methods. One such method is by making some changes in procedure i.e. washing of precipitates entirely until the particles are removed thoroughly or by increasing dissolution process. /6 2. List two errors that could increase your % yield and two errors that could decrease % yield. Describe one of each type in details. Answer Two errors that may occur during conducting the experiment which could increase the % yield of copper are as follows-: By human error, i.e. while washing method some of the water cannot be removed from NaNO3 particles from copper hydroxide particles which will result in increased mass of final product. In the final result we got more mass than the actual mass because zinc does not fully react with CuSO4. Some particles still remain inside with the copper. Two errors that may occur during the experiment which could decrease %yield are as follows-: Some particles remain left inside the beaker while transferring from one to another which reduced the weight resulted in %yield. Some particles get transferred into the beaker with water and there was loss in the weight which affected the result and we get more mass than actual mass value. /8 Conclusion(s) /3 To sum up, the final mass of copper which is obtained after performing the experiment was greater than the initial copper mass. Reference(s) 1.https://slate.sheridancollege.ca/d2l/le/content/348286/viewContent/5357151/View (accessed on 20.feb.2017) 2. AC1 Experiment 6/Template_Copper Percent Yield, Ques 2. /2 Teacher Evaluation (Students leave this part blank) Overall organization of lab report: formatting of chemical and mathematical equations; clarity of answers; spelling and grammar; attention to details; completed cover sheet; use of headers and footers. Laboratory performance: punctuality; time management; team work; attention to safety; use of personal protection equipment; using appropriate lab techniques; preparation of lab data book in advance of the lab; cleanup of lab work area. /5 Total laboratory grade: /55 Professors suggestions for improvement:

China :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China, (People's Republic of China), is situated in eastern Asia, bounded by the Pacific in the east. The third largest country in the world, next to Canada and Russia, it has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, or one-fifteenth of the world's land mass. It begins from the confluence of the Heilong and Wusuli rivers in the east to the Pamirs west of Wuqia County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west, about 5,200 kilometers apart; and from the midstream of the Heilong River north of Mohe in the north to the southernmost island Zengmu'ansha in the South China Sea about 5,500 kilometers apart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CLIMATE: China lies mainly in the northern temperate zone under the influence of monsoon. From September and October to March and April next year monsoon blow from Siberia and the Mongolia Plateau into China and decrease in force as it goes southward, causing dry and cold winter in the country and a temperature difference of 40 degree between the north and south. POPULATION: Total Population 1.2591 billion (1999) about 22% of total population in the world. Year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total Population  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urban Population  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rural Population 1995  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2112 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2239 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  359.5 million (29.4%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  864.39 million (70.6%) 1997  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2363 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  369.89 million (29.9%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  866.37 million (70.1%) 1998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2481 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1999  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2591 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  388.92 million (30.9%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  870.17 million (69.1%) 2000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.29533 billion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  36%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Country name:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conventional long form: People's Republic of China conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhong Guo abbreviation: PRC Government type:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communist state Capital:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beijing Administrative divisions:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities** (shi, singular and plural); Anhui, Beijing**, Chongqing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet), Yunnan, Zhejiang; note - China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau Independence:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1 October 1949)

Merck Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Statement of the Problem Merck & Co. , Inc. , a leading pharmaceutical company, faces the threat of the patents of its most popular drugs expiring in 2002. The only way to counter the loss of sales from these drugs going off patent is to develop new drugs in order to refresh the company’s portfolio. LAB Pharmaceuticals, a small pharmaceutical company who specializes in the treatment of neurological disorders, has approached Merck with the opportunity to license Davanrik, a new drug with the potential to treat both depression and obesity. The drug is currently in pre-clinical development and would still need to pass a seven year and three phase testing process approved by the FDA. Under the licensing agreement, Merck would compensate LAB with an initial fee, milestone payments as the drug progresses through each phase, and royalty on sales. Merck must make a decision on whether or not to license the drug. If Merck does decide to license the drug, it must also decide how much the drug is worth. Discussion A decision will be madeusing both qualitative factors and quantitative analysis. Qualitatively, this opportunity is positive for both Merck and LAB. Licensing this drug will allow Merck to insert a newly patented compound into the market and to bypass the discovery and preclinical testing phases. By being able to skip those two phases, Merck can go straight to clinical testing saving it six to seven years, which helps Merck deal with its patent life cycle in a more effective manner. LAB has never had a drug successfully complete the FDA approval process in its 15-year history. Its stock price had also fallen by 30% after its most recent FDA denial. Therefore, by licensing this Davanrik to Merck, LAB would be able to receive some much-needed cash. A successful transaction between Merck and LAB could also lead to future opportunities. Quantitatively, a decision tree analysis was used to value this opportunity because as long as Merck only accepts projects with a positive expected value it will earn profits more often then lose money. Through the analysis of the expected value of each possible outcome, the expected value of licensing Davanrikfrom LAB is $13. 98 million including payments to LAB of $16. 68 million. Although the FDA approval process has a 40% Phase Iand a 70% Phase II failure rate, the cost f failing early on is only $30 million and $70 million, respectively, relative to the opportunity to earn as much as $1. 28 billion if successful. Recommendation Merck should license Davanrikfrom LAB for no more than $13. 98 million. The company is facedwith the risk of declining profits if new drugs are not developed since many of its patents are expiring soon. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in new drug developments. Als o, the expected value of $13. 98 million indicates that this opportunity is profitable and that Merck can receive up to $1. 28 billion by licensing the compound.

But its not Funny Essay Example

But its not Funny Essay Example But its not Funny Essay But its not Funny Essay Ai-ai Delas Alas, Pokwang, John Lapus, Pooh, Chokoleit, Ate Gay and many of the like, children in school, officemates and even professionals like doctors and lawyers use transgressive Jokes. People who look different from others by skin color, size, height and other deformities are vulnerable subjects of laughter. These Jokes affect peoples emotions, thus degrading their sense of self-worth and self-esteem and diminishing their self-confidence. However, despite the possible effects of continuous use of transgressive Jokes, many people, private or public still accept this kind of Jokes. Vice Gandas concert, I-Vice Ganda Moko sa Araneta last May 17, 2013 had a full- house in Smart Araneta Coliseum which had around 16, 500 seating capacity -a proof that people enjoy hearing this kind of Jokes -transgressive and obscene. One possible reason is that these transgressive insults are dressed as Jokes. Thus, the obvious effect involved in laughing at someone or something has been brought IoW or degraded (Purdie, 59). Ngipin palang dehado na! is what Vice Ganda exclaimed while holding on to a mans Jaw showing his deformed teeth to the screen (Gandang Gabi Vice). Afterwards, he hugged him and said, Joke lang kuya. Its an example of an insult dressed as a joke. In instances like these, people expect the subjects to not take it seriously because implicit transgression has been transmitted (Purdie, 13) from the comedian to the audience. Another thing is because Jokes are not held within the bounds of the law (Purdie, joke, it is no longer under the control of the law which is also one reason why bullies re never comprehended. Because of Jokes being not bounded by the law, comedians [use Jokes] to discharge sexual aggressive and other forbidden thoughts and fantasies without worrying about being punished (Strean xii). When Vice Ganda stated his Joke regarding gang rape about Jessica Soho, he knew the subject may or may not react to it but he still pursued the Joke. There is a probability that it is because he knew that it will be accepted by the people and that law wouldnt intervene. Many Filipinos think that to laugh is a must because of the saying, laughter is the best medicine. That is also why Jokes, though transgressive, are widely accepted by the Filipino public. People consider these Jokes opportunities to play, to regress, to depart from the demands of reality and to enjoy the child in ourselves and in others (Strean, 3). But what makes it funny? Delivery is a factor of every Jokes humor. Many comedians do not present the same joke all over again to the public. No one would watch GandangGabi Vice every Sunday if the same set of Jokes is to be expected from Vice Ganda. Many stand-up comedians as well, prepare a new set of Jokes every presentation and if ever a Joke would be epeated, there is quite a long interval in between. This contributes to the surprise factor of Jokes. It isnt a Joke without surprise (Strean 26). O! Instant sandok na Oh! Vice Ganda said referring to the man with a very long face (Its Showtime). Notice that the Joke mentioned above is Just a five- word Joke but it was able to gain so much laughter from the audience. Length is also a factor in creating good and funny Jokes. The longer the Joke, the longer time it is to process it increasing the risk of not being funny. Therefore, the shorter the Joke, the better. The effective use of metaphors -a comparison between two unrelated things- in Jokes is also a m ajor factor. Masarap talaga ang saging! Basta malaki , This sexual Joke is an example of a metaphoric comparison. Many comedians have a very creative way of using metaphors to transmit the humor to the audience. An effective use of this will make it easier for the audience to capture the thought of any joke. After all, it is all in the matter of skill of delivery (Purdie, 36). Despite the non-stop use of transgressive Jokes by comedians of different kinds, the Filipino eople still accept and enjoy their Jokes. Francisco, Butch. Remembering Dead Stars. Philippine Headline News Online. 1 November 2003. Web. 13 October 2013. . Purdie, Susan. Comedy : The mastery of Discourse / Susan Purdie. n. p: New York ; London : Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. , 1993. print. Sorell, Walter. Facets Of Comedy / By Walter Sorell. n. p: New York : Grosset Dunlap , [1972], 1972. Print. Strean, Herbert S. Jokes :Their Purpose And Meaning / Herbert S. Strean. n. p. : Northvale, NJ. : J, Aronson , C1993, 1993. pnnt